Family-based visas allow U.S. citizens and lawful permanent residents to bring close relatives to live in the United States. These visas help families reunite and establish a life together. Understanding how they work can make the process smoother and less stressful.
Types of family-based visas
There are two main types of family-based visas: immediate relative visas and family preference visas. Immediate relative visas (IR-1 to IR-5) are for close family members of U.S. citizens, such as spouses, parents, and children under 21. These visas do not have annual limits. Family preference visas (F-1 to F-4) cover more distant relatives, like adult children and siblings, but they have yearly caps, which can lead to long wait times.
The application process
To apply for a family-based visa, the U.S. citizen or lawful permanent resident must file Form I-130, Petition for Alien Relative. This document proves the relationship between the sponsor and the applicant. Once approved, the application moves to the National Visa Center for further processing. The applicant then attends a consular interview before receiving the visa. If already in the U.S., the applicant may apply for an adjustment of status instead of consular processing.
Processing times and wait periods
Processing times vary based on the visa category and the applicant’s country of origin. Immediate relative visas usually process faster since they have no annual caps. Family preference visas can take years due to numerical limits and country-specific backlogs. Checking the Visa Bulletin regularly helps applicants stay updated on wait times.
Keeping families together
Family-based visas provide an opportunity for loved ones to live together in the U.S. Following the correct steps and staying informed about processing times can improve the chances of a smooth application process.
